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Targumi / Survival kit / Japanese
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Japanese Survival Kit

Japanese may seem intimidating at first, but Japanese people are incredibly patient with foreigners who try. This kit gives you the tools to survive in Tokyo, Kyoto or Osaka, even without a single kanji under your belt.

Japanese is spoken by roughly 125 million people, mostly in Japan, with sizeable diaspora communities in Brazil, the United States, Peru and East Asia. It is a language isolate, with no clear ties to other language families, which makes it uniquely structured. You will quickly discover three writing systems used at the same time: hiragana (syllabary for native words), katakana (syllabary for foreign words) and kanji (Chinese-origin characters for nouns and roots). Learning a few hiragana and katakana before your trip will boost your autonomy enormously. Japanese grammar relies on particles (wa, ga, wo, ni, de, e) that mark the role of each word, with a subject-object-verb order. Keigo, the polite and honorific register, shapes every interaction: depending on your interlocutor, their age and status, you adjust your phrasing. As a traveller, the polite -masu and -desu register is more than enough and will be warmly received. Social codes matter as much as the words themselves: bowing punctuates greetings and thanks, silence on the subway is a sign of collective respect, and attention to elders remains central. This kit will guide you through Tokyo and its electric neighbourhoods, the temples of Kyoto, the markets of Osaka and the snowy landscapes of Hokkaido. A few well-pronounced phrases, a smile and a small bow will open unexpected doors wherever you go.

In context: 5 scenes to get by

Here is how these phrases play out in real life. Each scene sets the stage and gathers the useful expressions.

Arrival at Narita Airport

You have just landed in Japan. Before heading into town, you greet the agent at the counter, ask if they speak English and politely share your first Japanese words. A small bow accompanies your phrases.

  • こんにちは (Konnichiwa) : Good afternoon
  • すみません (Sumimasen) : Excuse me / Sorry
  • 英語を話せますか? (Eigo wo hanasemasu ka?) : Do you speak English?
  • はじめまして (Hajimemashite) : Nice to meet you

Taxi ride to the ryokan

The driver welcomes you with great courtesy. You give your destination, ask about the likely fare and indicate the exact spot where you want to be dropped off, showing the address on your phone if needed.

  • 地図で教えてください (Chizu de oshiete kudasai) : Show me on the map
  • タクシーはいくらですか? (Takushii wa ikura desu ka?) : How much is the taxi?
  • ここで降ります (Koko de orimasu) : Drop me here
  • ここで止めてください (Koko de tomete kudasai) : Please stop here

At the local izakaya

You push the noren curtain of an izakaya in Shinjuku. You ask for a table, browse the menu with the server, mention your dietary restrictions and end with a sincere compliment on the dish.

  • 二人です (Futari desu) : A table for two
  • メニューをください (Menyuu wo kudasai) : The menu, please
  • 肉は食べません (Niku wa tabemasen) : I don't eat meat
  • おいしい! (Oishii!) : This is delicious!

Minor incident in Asakusa

You feel unwell after a long walk. A passer-by stops to help. You explain the situation, ask for the nearest hospital and specify whether you need a doctor or an ambulance.

  • 気分が悪いです (Kibun ga warui desu) : I don't feel well
  • 病院はどこですか? (Byouin wa doko desu ka?) : Where is the hospital?
  • 医者が必要です (Isha ga hitsuyou desu) : I need a doctor
  • 救急車を呼んでください! (Kyuukyuusha wo yonde kudasai!) : Call an ambulance!

Checking out of the hotel in Kyoto

It is your departure morning. You confirm the check-out time at reception, ask for the bill, warmly thank the team and take your leave with a fitting goodbye.

  • チェックアウトは何時ですか? (Chekku-auto wa nanji desu ka?) : What time is check-out?
  • お会計をお願いします (Okaikei wo onegaishimasu) : The bill, please
  • ありがとうございます (Arigatou gozaimasu) : Thank you very much
  • さようなら (Sayounara) : Goodbye

Cultural notes

What you need to know before travelling to a japanese-speaking country.

1

Bowing is an art in Japan. A slight nod is fine for foreigners. Don't be surprised if Japanese people bow deeply: that's their way of showing respect.

2

Removing shoes before entering a home is mandatory. Watch for the "genkan" (entrance area) and aligned shoes: that is the signal.

3

Eating or drinking on the street is frowned upon in many cities, except at festivals and matsuri. Eating is done while seated or near a kiosk.

4

Public transport is sacred: no phone calls, speak quietly, do not eat. The silence on the subway is impressive and worth respecting.

5

"Sumimasen" is your magic word. It means "excuse me" but also "sorry", "thank you" and "may I have your attention". Use it liberally.

6

Giving and receiving objects with both hands is a sign of respect. Business cards, gifts, the bill: take them with both hands.

7

Convenience stores (konbini) are your best friends: 7-Eleven, Lawson and FamilyMart are open 24/7, sell excellent food and have toilets.

8

Onsen (hot springs) are mixed or segregated depending on the establishment. Tattoos are generally forbidden: check before you go.

Glossary: 10 key words to remember

Preview. The full glossary (30 words) and all the phrases are in the PDF.

はい

Hai

Yes

いいえ

Iie

No

ありがとう

Arigatou

Thank you

どういたしまして

Dou itashimashite

You're welcome

ごめんなさい

Gomen nasai

Sorry

Mizu

Water

食べ物

Tabemono

Food

ホテル

Hoteru

Hotel

空港

Kuukou

Airport

病院

Byouin

Hospital

Get the full Japanese kit

A hundred words, thirty key phrases, as a printable PDF. Instant download, also sent by e-mail.

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Sources and references

Every translation is cross-checked against at least two concordant sources among the references below.

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