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Targumi / Survival kit / Swahili
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Swahili Survival Kit

Swahili is the lingua franca of East Africa, spoken by around 200 million people from Kenya to the DRC, including Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. An official language of the African Union, it is also the language of Zanzibar and Kilimanjaro. With this kit, you have the bare minimum to greet, find your way and order food during a trip to East Africa.

Swahili (Kiswahili) is a coastal Bantu language, spoken by around 200 million people in East and Central Africa. It is an official language in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and the DRC, and one of the official languages of the African Union. It is one of the largest lingua francas on the continent, understood from Mombasa to Lubumbashi.

The fruit of more than a thousand years of maritime trade between Africa, Arabia, Persia and India, Swahili was born on the shores of Zanzibar, Mombasa and Lamu. Its grammatical structure is fully Bantu, but its vocabulary is richly studded with Arabic loans, and more marginally Persian, Portuguese and English. "Safari" (journey), "karibu" (welcome), "asante" (thank you) are all words now known worldwide.

The language stands out for its noun-class system (prefixes that mark the logical gender of words) and an extremely regular grammar. Pronunciation is transparent: what is written is pronounced, with stress almost always on the second-to-last syllable. For travellers, Swahili is arguably the most accessible and useful African language: a simple "Jambo" or "Habari" is enough to start a conversation, from Kilimanjaro to the beaches of Zanzibar.

This kit gathers the bare essentials to handle an arrival in Nairobi or Dar es Salaam, a taxi or matatu ride, a market order, a small medical concern and a smooth departure. You will find indispensable greetings, survival words for orientation, key vocabulary for daily life and cultural tips to avoid faux pas. Memorise these expressions before leaving and you will gain confidence from the first hours on the ground.

In context: 5 scenes to get by

Here is how these phrases play out in real life. Each scene sets the stage and gathers the useful expressions.

On arrival

You arrive in Nairobi or Dar es Salaam and greet your host. Depending on the number, you say "Hujambo" (to one person) or "Hamjambo" (to several). In the morning, "Habari za asubuhi" follows naturally. The reply "Nzuri" almost always comes with a smile.

  • Hujambo : hello (to one person)
  • Hamjambo : hello (to several)
  • Habari : how are you / news
  • Habari za asubuhi : good morning

In a taxi

The taxi or matatu driver asks for your destination. You indicate the "nyumba" (house) or "chumba" (room) you are heading to, specifying the "mlango" (door) where to stop, perhaps "nyumbani" (at home). Confirm the fare before leaving.

  • nyumba : house
  • nyumbani : at home
  • chumba : room
  • mlango : door

At the café

At the restaurant, you order water ("maji"), milk ("maziwa") for your chai, raw rice ("mchele") or cooked rice ("wali"). "Tafadhali" (please) opens the order, "Asante" closes it. Kindness is the local currency.

  • maji : water
  • maziwa : milk
  • mchele : rice (uncooked)
  • wali : cooked rice

In an emergency

You don't feel well: your head ("kichwa") aches, your eye ("jicho") burns, your ear ("sikio") rings, your nose ("pua") runs. You point to the area and name the body part. Pointing often saves time before a diagnosis.

  • kichwa : head
  • jicho : eye
  • sikio : ear
  • pua : nose

On departure

Before leaving Zanzibar or Kilimanjaro, you greet your host by the hour: "Habari za mchana" during the day, "Habari za jioni" in the evening. You welcome with a "Karibu" and thank with a sincere "Asante".

  • Habari za mchana : good day / afternoon
  • Habari za jioni : good evening
  • Karibu : welcome / you're welcome
  • Asante : thank you

Cultural notes

What you need to know before travelling to a swahili-speaking country.

1

"Habari" is the all-purpose greeting: literally "news". It is adapted by time of day: "Habari za asubuhi" (morning), "Habari za mchana" (day), "Habari za jioni" (evening). The standard reply is "Nzuri" (good).

2

"Shikamoo" is the respectful greeting to an elder, answered with "Marahaba". Not using it when addressing an older person can be seen as disrespectful.

3

"Karibu" means both "welcome" and "you're welcome" (after a thank-you). You will hear it constantly, and using it yourself opens warm conversations.

4

Swahili emerged from a mix of Bantu and Arabic, the fruit of a thousand years of trade on the East African coast. Many words come from Arabic: "safari" (journey), "asante" (thank you, originally "I thank"), "habari".

5

The concept of "ujamaa" (community, extended family), popularised by Julius Nyerere in Tanzania, remains a key to understanding social relations: extended family comes first, and individualism has little place.

6

"Pole pole" (slowly, slowly) sums up a philosophy: don't rush, savour time. On Kilimanjaro, it is even the guides' motto for managing altitude.

7

Swahili is written in the Latin alphabet without diacritics, which makes it very accessible to read. Pronunciation is regular: what is written is pronounced, with stress on the second-to-last syllable.

8

At Stone Town market in Zanzibar or the Maasai Market in Nairobi, bargaining is expected. Greeting in Swahili before discussing prices always shifts the tone of the negotiation.

Glossary: 10 key words to remember

Preview. The full glossary (30 words) and all the phrases are in the PDF.

Tafadhali

please

Samahani

sorry / excuse me

Pole

sorry (sympathy)

Kwaheri

goodbye

Mambo

what's up

Poa

cool

Ndio

yes

Hapana

no

Shikamoo

respectful greeting (to elder)

Marahaba

response to shikamoo

Get the full Swahili kit

A hundred words, thirty key phrases, as a printable PDF. Instant download, also sent by e-mail.

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Sources and references

Every translation is cross-checked against at least two concordant sources among the references below.

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