Hangul is the Korean writing system, widely considered one of the most logical and learnable alphabets ever created. It was invented in 1443 by King Sejong the Great specifically to be easy for common people to learn.

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Why Hangul Is Special

The consonant shapes reflect mouth position. The letter ㄱ (g/k) is shaped like the tongue touching the back of the palate. ㄴ (n) shows the tongue touching the front. ㅁ (m) represents closed lips. Vowels are based on three elements: a vertical line (person), a horizontal line (earth), and a short stroke (sky).

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The 14 Basic Consonants

Name ------ Giyeok Nieun Digeut Rieul Mieum Bieup Siot Ieung Jieut Chieut Kieuk Tieut Pieup Hieut

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The 10 Basic Vowels

Sound ------- a ya eo yeo o yo u yu eu i

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Syllable Blocks

Korean letters are grouped into syllable blocks. Each block contains 2-4 letters.

Every syllable block starts with a consonant (use silent ㅇ for vowel-initial syllables). Example: 한글 (Hangul)
  • 한 = ㅎ (h) + ㅏ (a) + ㄴ (n) = "han"
  • 글 = ㄱ (g) + ㅡ (eu) + ㄹ (l) = "geul"
  • Example: 서울 (Seoul)
  • 서 = ㅅ (s) + ㅓ (eo) = "seo"
  • 울 = ㅇ (silent) + ㅜ (u) + ㄹ (l) = "ul"

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Practice Strategy

Day 1-2: Learn the 14 basic consonants. Day 3-4: Learn the 10 basic vowels. Practice combining them. Day 5-7: Practice reading simple syllable blocks and common words. Week 2: Practice reading Korean text - signs, menus, K-pop lyrics.

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Common First Words

Romanization ------------- Hanguk Gamsahamnida Annyeonghaseyo Ne Aniyo
Letter
Sound
--------
-------
g/k
n
d/t
r/l
m
b/p
s
silent (initial) / ng (final)
j/ch
ch (aspirated)
k (aspirated)
t (aspirated)
p (aspirated)
h
Letter
Similar to
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"a" in "father"
"ya" in "yard"
Between "uh" and "oh"
"yuh"
"o" in "go"
"yo" in "yoga"
"oo" in "moon"
"you"
Like "oo" but with unrounded lips
"ee" in "see"
Korean
Meaning
--------
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한국
Korea
감사합니다
Thank you
안녕하세요
Hello
Yes
아니요
No

Learning Hangul unlocks everything: textbooks, signs, menus, subtitles. It is the single highest-return investment in your Korean learning journey.

At Targumi, our Korean tutors start with Hangul and build your reading confidence from the very first lesson.